Detection of Torque teno midi virus/small anellovirus [TTMDV/SAV] in the sera of domestic village chickens and its vertical transmission from hen to eggs

Although the infection of different animals and non-human primates with other members of Anelloviridae have already been reported there is no report about infection of animals with Torque teno midi virus/Small anellovirs [TTMDV/SAV]. The aim of this study was to detect the virus in domestic village chickens. Blood samples were collected from 79 domestic village chickens in Isfahan. Blood samples of five adult laying hens and one cockerel were collected in three consecutive weeks [days 1, 8 and 14] as experimental chickens. Ten eggs were randomly collected from the eggs laid during days 12 to 17 and thin and thick egg whites and yolk samples were collected aseptically. After DNA extraction Nested-PCR was performed using SMAs/SMAr primers. In PCR, 431 bp and 441 bp products were detected. The detected bands were extracted and sequenced. Totally 26 out of 79 [32.9%] of the blood samples were positive for the virus. The frequency of the infection of the different parts of the eggs tested was 76%. For the first time TTMDV/SAV was detected in domestic village chickens which also vertically transmitted to eggs

Seroepidemiology of Newcastle disease in domestic village chickens of plain areas of Isfahan province, central Iran

Newcastle disease is one of the most important diseases of poultry. It usually causes a great loss in poultry industry and domestic village chickens. Since domestic chickens in villages are free ranging for food, the chance of their contact with wild birds that may act as reservoirs is high. To determine the role of domestic chickens in the epizootiology of Newcastle disease virus in villages of Isfahan province, 400 serum samples from chickens with no history of vaccination from four regions [Khomeinishahr, Zarinshahr, Falavarjan and Mobarekeh] were collected in summers of [1998] and [1999]. Haemagglutination inhibition [HI] test was used for titration of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus. Chi-square and binomial tests were used for statistical analyses. 69.5 and 68.5% of the sera were positive in the two consecutive seasons [P>0.05]. About 25% of 3-4 month- and 1-2-year-old chickens were negative for HI antibodies and thus were sensitive to the disease in each season. Significant correlation was observed between the HI antibody liters and the age of the chickens [P<0.01]. A specific pattern of seroconversion was observed which was independent to the prevalence of the disease in industrial poultry flocks in each region and all regions studied. It was concluded that about 35% of the domestic village chickens are protected against virulent strains of Newcastle disease in summer. For protection of the remaining chickens, routine vaccination, especially in spring and summer is suggested

serological survey for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus antibodies in domestic village chickens in Esfahan, central Iran

Infectious bronchitis [1B] is a very contagious disease caused by a coronavirus [IBV]. In chickens, the virus affects the respiratory, reproductive, and urinary systems. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of anti-IBV antibodies in domestic village chickens. Serum samples of 300 domestic village chickens from Esfahan [centeral Iran] were collected and examined for the presence of anti-lBV antibodies by commercial ELISA kits. The results showed that 85.3% of the domestic village chickens had high titers of anti-IBV antibody without any clinical signs. It was concluded that the rate of IBV infection in these chickens is very high that could be a potential hazard for commercial poultry

[Comparative study of amalgam microleakage using cavity varnish and adhesive resin]

Two important disadvantages of amalgam restorations are lack of adhesion to tooth structure and marginal leakage. In recent studies, the use of dentin adhesive on cavity walls before the insertion of amalgam proved to be the best method to reduce microleakage and increase chemical adhesion. Fourty premolar and molar teeth were collected and divided into two groups. The class V cavities were made at the buccal surfaces of the teeth [Depth 1. 5 mm, Length 3 mm and Width 2 mm]. All the angles of cavo-surfaces were Buttjoint. The teeth were then washed, cleaned, dried and randomly divided into 2 groups, the first group was coated with 2 layers of varnish. The second group was coated with adhesive resin system and then restored with amalgam. The teeth were kept in distilled water for 24 hours. The prepared surfaces were then polished and thermocycling was performed. All prepared surfaces were coated with nail varnish up to 0.5 mm around the restorative material. Further more each group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups, one group was kept in distilled water for 24 hours and the other group for 5 months. All groups were afterwards kept in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. The teeth were then mounted in Acrylic resin, were cut into two halves from the centre of preparation with a diamond saw and checked by a stereomicroscope for determining the microleakage rate. Comparison between two groups showed degree of dye penetration into margins of restorations with Rely X ARC was lower than that of varnish. However no significant differences were observed among the groups except for occlusal margins after 24 hours and 5 months